Economic system reform has an important impact and transmission role on other reforms. The progress of major economic system reforms determines the progress of many other aspects of system reforms, and has a role in influencing the whole reform progress. Letting economic system reform play a leading role for other reforms is an inevitable requirement for liberating and developing social productive forces. Comprehensive deepening of reforms in the new era provides strong impetus for the development of new quality productive forces. Judging from China's reform process，economic system reform is a breakthrough in comprehensively deepening reform, and it also drives institutional reforms in the fields of politics, society, culture and ecological civilization. To further promote economic system reform， we must focus on properly handling the core issue of the relationship between the government and the market, put the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system in a prominent position，closely focus on the main tasks of reform to scientifically plan and pragmatically advance them, and lead reforms in comprehensive innovation in institutional mechanisms, democracy and the rule of law, cultural system and mechanism, people's livelihood system, and ecological civilization system.

The dialectical relationship between fiscal and economy determines the logical path of fiscal driving economic growth. The triple attributes of superstructure, production relation and productivity of fiscal enable it to embody the will of superstructure, consolidate the economic base and reproduction of social production relation, and promote productivity development, and make it have two basic mechanisms, namely， retroaction mechanism and productivity mechanism, and two integrated mechanisms, namely, resultant mechanism and adjustment mechanism, which drive economic growth. Playing the roles of multiple mechanisms of Fiscal comprehensively to drive economic growth is an important feature of promoting modernization of China. It is characterized by continuous hematopoiesis,overall linkage, keeping pace with the times, and stability and controllability. It has condensed important experience in value orientation, goal orientation, problem orientation, and reform orientation. The multi-dimensional and multi-level mechanism roles and the important experience have important practical value for driving high-quality economic growth in China in the new stage. Building the multi- dimensional national economics of the new era based on the system concept is conducive to the development of the socialist economic growth theory with Chinese characteristics that attaches importance to the roles of multiple mechanisms of fiscal.

Since the reform and opening up, there are five major advancements in the Communist Party of China's understanding of the basic socialist economic system guided byDeng Xiaoping Theory, Important Thought of Three Represents,Scientific Outlook on Development，and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with ChineseCharacteristics for a New Era. It changed from the traditional planned economy to the socialist market economy; from a pure public ownership system to public ownership as the mainstay of national economic development with other forms of ownership playing their parts; from a single distribution method of “according to one's work” to the coexistence of multiple distribution methods; from the establishment of the principle of distribution according to contribution to the refinement and enactment of the system; from the basic economic system in the initial stage of socialism to the comprehensive upgradation of the basic socialist economic system. This series of cognitive changes not only promoted the reform of China's economic institution and basic economic system，but also opened up a new realm for the development of contemporary Chinese Marxism.

 Economic fluctuation and growth are the core problem of economic subject to create value and develop productivity. This paper mainly aims at the problem of economic fluctuation and growth. At the theoretical level, a two-sector model of national economic
reproduction is established from the perspective of Marx's reproduction theory, and a quantitative index system of actual output level is constructed from the perspective of Marx-Shaikh based on Shaikh's principle of Maximum Expanded Reproduction. This article finds that when the distribution ratio of input and output of the two sectors is coordinated, the output of the two sectors will be improved. The profit rates of the departments are similar，the profits of the department are transformed into the average profit of the society, and the actual output level reaches the peak. At the empirical level, the actual output levels of China，the United States，the United Kingdom, Japan and France are measured by input-output table and other data, and it is found that China has sufficient production input and stable capital input for a long time, and is currently in a new stage of improving the actual output level driven by innovation and development. It is found that on the basis of moderate investment and accumulation and stable real economy, we must go through a transition period from multi-level production to the elimination of backward production capacity and the development of high-level economy, to guide production factors transfer to high-quality industries.

Isaak Illich Rubin(1886-1937) was born in Daugavspils, Latvia，on June 12,1886.In 1905，he became an active participant in the Russian revolutionary movement. He later joined the Mensheviks and was elected to their Central Committee in the autumn of 1920. He was imprisoned by the GPU in April 1923 in the round-up of Mensheviks. On his release he dropped his political work to concentrate on his academic studies and teaching.From 1926 to 1930，he was a research associate at the Marx- Engels Institute under Ryazanov, becoming one of the most influential interpreters of Marx's work. In the 1920s, he published several works, including Essays on Marx's Theory of Value，Physiocracy, A History of Economic Thought; Contemporary Economists in the West，Classics of Political Economy from the 17th to mid-19th Centuries,History of Class Struggles, and co-edited Fundamental Problems of Political Economy. His most influential work,Essays on Marx's Theory of Value, was published four times in 1923，1924，1928and 1929.The second edition in 1924 drew sharp criticism at the time，with critics arguing that it separates the form of value from the content of value. Rubin's works were rediscovered and translated into English and other languages only in the 1970s. His political economy ideas have attracted some attention in the West, and in recent years, they have also attracted increasing attention from domesticscholars. However,apart from Essays on Marx's Theory of Value published by the Central Compilation & Translation Press,there are few Chinese translations of Rubin's works in China. This is a lecture given by Isaak Illich Rubin at a meeting of the Economics Institute of the Marx-Engels Institute in May and June 1927. The lecture developed one of the main themes of Rubin's Essays on Marx's Theory of Value. This lecture was first published in Under the Banner of Marxism (Noд 3HaMeHeM Mapkch3ma)， No. 6，1927.Capital & Class translated the lecture into English in issue 2，1978，based on the German version. The main contents of this lecture are as follows:“abstract labor”and“value”are the central problems of all Marxist theories. We should investigate the question of the relationship between“labor”and“value”not only by “the analytical method"， but by “the dialectical method” as well. Marx's theory of value and money have five “basic concepts":the relations of production betweenthe commodity producers,abstract labor，value,exchange value and money. This system was only interrupted in two places, at the point where we have to move from“the relations of production”to “abstract labor”，and then again from“value”to“exchange value”. These “interruptions”disappear when we regard“abstract labor”as “labor which possesses a determined social form”，and“value”as“the unity of content and form". 

The theory of extra surplus value (ESV) is a significant component of Marx's surplus value theory, though its source has been the subject of ongoing debate. This article reviews and clarifies Marx's central arguments, demonstrating that the generation of ESV does not rely on changes in labor complexity and that the difference between individual value and social value is unrelated to value transfer. With this clarification, the paper proceeds to reconstruct Marx's theory of ESV， offering a new interpretation that resolves key ambiguities in existing scholarship. ESV is generated when individual firms innovate their production processes, reducing individual labor time and thereby obtaining surplus value beyond the average level. The benchmark for comparison is the surplus value that advanced firms can achieve under the prevailing social rate of surplus value. As a property derived from its definition，ESV is equal to the difference between a commodity's sale price and its individual value, which can be further divided into two components: the difference between the sale price and the social value, and the difference between the social value and the individual value. The first component arises from the transfer of value between sectors, while the second stems from value created by the firm's own labor. If a firm's technological innovation does not affect the social value of the commodity, ESV equals the difference between social value and individual value, and is entirely derived from value creation. However, if a firm monopolizes new technology and impedes price adjustments even as the social value decreases, the ESV generated from the difference between the sale price and social value results from value transfer. 

 In recent years, the study of labor theory of value in the context of artificial intelligence has become the focus of current social attention. Academics focus on the“value creation in the context of artificial intelligence”,“the applicability of the theory of value of labor in the era of artificial intelligence”and “the development trend of artificial intelligence and human labor”and start a new round of discussions. The core issue is “whether the classical labor theory of value has become obsolete in the age of artificial intelligence”, and no unified consensus has been reached on some major theoretical issues. Based on this and adhering to a problem-conscious approach to tracing history, this study finds that since the 1980s, the economics community has scientifically responded to the assertions of “machine creates value”and “invalidation of classical labor theory of value” in the context of the new technological revolution and put forward new interpretations and new ideas. Recalling the classics， we re-examine the labor theory of value in the era of artificial intelligence based on the theoretical framework of Marxist political economy, with a view to clarifying doubts, raising awareness and enhancing the value of the labor theory of value in the era of artificial intelligence.

The present and the near future constitute a critical period for our endeavor to build a great country and move towards national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. Advancing Chinese modernization requires further deepening reform. Important arrangements for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization are made at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. It emphasized that we should promote better adaptations of relations of production and productive forces, superstructure and economic foundation，national governance and social development， to provide strong impetus and institutional guarantee for Chinese modernization. Comprehensively deepening reform means, on the premise of adhering to the basic political and economic systems, reforming the part of the superstructure that involves the national governance system and governance capacity, and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity to achieve a positive interaction with the economic foundation. It also means, on the premise of adhering to the basic economic system，reforming the specific forms of production relations such as institutional arrangements, institutional structures, and mechanism designs to adapt to and promote the development of productive forces. This has not only rigorous theoretical logic，profound historical logic，clear practical logic，but also increasingly clear reform roadmap and construction plan.

 Since the global financial crisis in 2008，the monetary and fiscal policy space of major economies has significantly narrowed. In this context, people have conducted some beneficial explorations to strengthen policy coordination, which not only altered the traditional understanding of policy coordination in macro policy theories, but also gave rise to or developed two theories: modern monetary theory and the Macro-policy Trinity theory. This paper systematically reviews and compares the main ideas and basic viewpoints of the three theories regarding policy coordination. There are significant differences among the three theories in terms of main objectives, primary tools, core mechanisms, and feasibility. Overall,traditional Macro-policy theory and modern monetary theory focus on enhancing the coordination between stability policies such as monetary policy, fiscal policy,and macroprudential policy to achieve short-term stability goals such as economic stablity and financial stability. In contrast，the Macro-policy trinity theory not only emphasizes enhancing coordination between stability policies, but also emphasizes the coordination between stability policies, growth policies, and structural policies, in order to achieve three categories of goals: short-term stability，long-term economic growth, and economic structure optimization. Currently,the Chineseeconomy faces not only the problem of insufficient effective demand but also deeper issues such as insufficient growth momentum and economic structural imbalance. The applicability of the Macro-policy Trinity theory to the real problems of the Chinese economy is stronger, providing decision-making reference for enhancing the macro policies orientation consistency in the future.

This paper focuses on reviewing Professor Hong Yuanpeng's academic achievements. Professor Hong Yuanpeng has been dedicated to the study, teaching, and dissemination of Marx's Capital for a long time. He has transformed Marx's comprehensive understanding of the political economy system into various forms of academic achievements, fully showcasing the theoretical charm of Marxist political economy. Professor Hong Yuanpeng， based on the soil of China's economic life, applies Marx's political economy theory system to explore the theoretical logic of fundamental principles such as value and price, and answers many theoretical and practical problems in economic reform practice. He has made unremitting efforts to enhance the ability to interpret Marxist political economy theory. He was the first to systematically propose and construct the theoretical system of social interests, making outstanding contributions to the development of China's socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.

New quality productive forces is an innovative category of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy. It has given the Marxist theory of productivity a new connotation and practical requirement of the times. This is reflected in the following: it is a brand-new summary and explanation of the new trends,characteristics and laws of the development of productive forces in Chinese society at the new stage, a new interpretation of the core position and important role of scientific and technological innovation in promoting the development of the productive forces at the new stage and its laws, a new overview of the qualitative changes in the factors of productive forces and their combinations in the new era, a new overview of the new trends in the path of productive forces' development and their modes of conversion, and a new explanation of the unique connotations of comprehensively deepening reforms to accelerate the formation of a new type of production relations that are compatible with new qualitative productivity. It has made innovative contributions to promoting the sinicization and modernization development of Marx's productivity theory.In the critical period of comprehensively advancing the construction of a powerful nation and national rejuvenation by means of Chinese modernization， it is necessary to adhere to the guidance of new quality productive forces to deeply promote reform and innovation, and continuously inject strong momentum into Chinese modernization.

Cultivating and developing new quality productive forces is in line with the requirements of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation， and digital intelligence has become the future trend of scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading. It is the key interest and logical necessity of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces to promote the transformation of digital intelligence of productivity and to use digital intelligence technology to promote the cross-integration of various industries and thus to generate new industries and new business forms. Focusing on the goal of transforming China's economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development and cultivating and developing new quality productive forces with digital intelligence, it is necessary to focus on the digital intelligence of the industrial system that promotes the organic integration of agriculture, industry and service industries; the traditional production factor system is promoted by the embedment and reorganization of new technologies such as digitization, informatization and intelligentization. By improving the digital skills and intelligent application ability of workers, the digital intelligence of labor subjects can be enhanced. Only by adhering to the construction of modern industrial system with digitalized production mode, promoting the adjustment and optimization of production relations with digitalized production factors, and cultivating digitalized new quality talents guided by improving innovation ability， can we deepen the digitalized driving direction of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces.

 Enabling high-quality development is a systematic project in which innovation is the key. By constructing the three-level analysis framework of the deepest level, the middle level and the highest level， this paper analyzes it's systematic characteristics and further expounds the specific content of the systematic advancement of the new quality productive forces. From the perspective of historical materialism， based on the logic of the contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations, the research finds that multi-dimensional innovation of technology, industry，finance，development mode, institution and talent，are the main content and theoretical logic of new quality productive forces enabling high-quality development. From the perspective of developing new quality productive forces and forming new production relations，this paper puts forward the common requirements for developing new quality productive forces and promoting high-quality development based on the productivity dimension, such as improving basic research ability, building a modern industrial system, training high-quality talents and developing green productivity. In the dimension of production relations, this paper puts forward the path arrangement to promote institutional innovation and stimulate the source of financial vitality to meet the needs of the development of new quality productive forces, which is also an effective measure to create an effective institutional environment for high-quality development.

 Since entering the industrial society, humanity has experienced or is currently experiencing four technological and industrial revolutions. Each technological revolution has greatly improved production efficiency and formed new quality productive forces, enabling the mode of production to realize a qualitative leap. Each industrial revolution has given birth to new industries, new models, and new driving forces, causing a qualitative change in the form， organization，and scale of industry. The process of the world industrial modernization presents a certain regularity. Technological innovation is the fundamental driving force for promoting industrial modernization，quality improvement is the essential feature of industrial modernization， industrial upgrading is the core connotation of industrial modernization, and the evolution of industrial modernization shows a non- linear trend. The process of Chinese-style industrial modernization can be roughly divided into three stages， each of which has significantly distinctive characteristics. At different stages of development, the development strategy of China's industrial modernization has significant differences, which are determined by the level of technological development at that stage and the political and economic situation at home and abroad. China's industrialization is an important component of world industrialization，which has been deeply influenced by the world's technological and industrial revolutions, as well as profoundly influencing the development trends of the world's technological and industrial revolutions. Today, as the fourth wave of industrial revolution is underway, for China to truly achieve its industrial modernization, it is necessary to devote greater efforts to bolster scientific and technological innovation, vigorously develop emerging industries of strategic importance, accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, establish personalized，networked and intelligentized mode of production, and build a complete, efficient, and scientific intelligent manufacturing industry system.

 Based on Marx's general rate of profit (GRP) theory and the Neo-Kaleckian economic growth model，this paper estimates the capacity utilization of 29 countries from 2000 to 2014 using the WIOD database and studies the endogenous mechanisms of capitalist overcapacity and economic crisis. Research has found that: The capacity utilization, which includesGRP，can effectively identify the mandatory destructive effect of economic crises on excess capacity. The capacity utilization of developing countries is lower than that of developed countries,China's capacity utilization shows a relatively stable trend. China's relatively high share of labor income effectively prevented the severe impact of the 2008 economic crisis. The increase of OCC will reduce capacity utilization in the short term and help improve capacity utilization in the long term. Labor income share has a significant negative impact on the capacity utilization of developed countries, while has a significant positive impact on the capacity utilization of developing countries. Capacity utilization will significantly enhance the OCC，and will suppress the increase in labor income share in developed countries in the short term. Developed countries are more likely to fall into the vicious cycle of capitalist economic crises.

Advancing Chinese modernization is the central theme for further deepening reform comprehensively, and it is imperative to firmly adhere to this theme without deviation. The primary task in advancing Chinese modernization is high-quality development, and fostering new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development. Firmly grasping the theme of advancing Chinese modernization, further deepening the ideas and measures of the reform comprehensively are conducive to vigorously fostering new quality productive forces and promoting high- quality development. To closely focusing on the theme of advancing Chinese modernization and further deepening reform comprehensively, we should prioritize building a high-standard socialist market economy, handle the core issue of economic system reform that the relationship between the government and the market properly; guided by economic system reform, we should deepen the reform of scientific and technological system, education system and talent cultivation system, etc.; to improve the institutional mechanisms that are conductive to promoting high quality development and shape new driving forces and advantages for development; we should focus on promoting green development and the transformation of development patterns; we should also strengthen and improve the leadership of the Party; deepen reforms in the superstructure, and accelerate the formation of new production relationship and mechanisms that embody these new production relationship.

The contradictory movement between the productive forces and the relations of production is an objective law of the historical development of human society. To accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to form new relations of production that are compatible with them. Due to the relative stability of the relations of production， the adjustment of the relations of production may not be synchronized with the development of the productive forces, which will lead to the blockages that restrict the development of the new quality productive forces. To this end, it is necessary to speed up the building of a high-standard socialist market economic system， improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make breakthroughs in key and core technologies， strengthen the institutional mechanism of providing financial services for scientific and technological innovation, and smooth the benign circle of “science and technology, industry, and finance";promote comprehensive reform in the fields of education, science and technology, and talent, and smooth the benign circle of education, science and technology, and talent; continue to promote a high level of opening-up to the outside world, and create a good international environment for the development of new quality productive forces through institutional opening-up.

The theory of the articulation of modes of production proposed by John G. Taylor et al. suggests that human society often has multiple production modes simultaneously, and the modes of articulation among them affects the development process of the economy and the society. Expanding this analytical framework, we believe that the articulation of production modes is the institutional arrangement or practical process of constructing the “sum” of production modes by establishing connections among various production modes with different attributes, their economic organizations, and economic activities through various means, so as to ease potential contradictions among them. The modes of articulation among production modes can be divided into three main types: master- slave articulation，plate articulation，and integrated articulation. The different modes of articulation mean different relationships among various production modes. Various modes of production either oppose or cooperate with each other, thus forming different“ownership ecology”in the entire society. What kind of ownership ecology a
forms depends on the interaction between productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure. Especially, the structural influence of superstructure factors such as political power and ideology cannot be ignored. In the new journey of Chinese-style modernization, to promote the complementary advantages and common development of all kinds of ownership economies, it is necessary to systematically summarize China's historical experience in promoting the common development of multiple ownership economies since the reform and opening-up, gather broader ideological identity and social consensus for the common development of multiple ownership economies, optimize the articulation modes between various types of ownership economies, especially vigorously develop the integrated articulation,and correctly handle the relationship among the state-owned economy, the private economy and the foreign investment economy.

 Xi Jinping economic thought, as the latest achievement of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy, has opened up a new realm of contemporary socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，the “systematic economic theory”with Chinese characteristics has become the leading direction for the formation and development of Xi Jinping economic thought. It has not only forged the disciplinary identity and academic characteristics of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics， but also laid the theoretical characteristics and academic principles of China's independent knowledge system of economics. We must adhere to the system concept, deepen system integration, strengthen the research on the system integration of Xi Jinping economic thought, and further enhance the theoretical interpretation, systematic construction, and principle extraction of Xi Jinping economic thought.

Marxist capital theory is a dialectical theoretical system composed of the dominant logic of capital form, the expansion logic of capital movement, and the power logic of capital control. By reconstructing the traditional capital function mechanism, bringing small and medium-sized capital into the monopoly platform ecosystem and reshaping the distribution order of surplus value,digital capital has become the dominant capital form. The expansion of digital capital is manifested in the dual dimensions of scale and space based on digital platforms. Scale determines the diversity of spatial types, and space provides activity fields for scale expansion. Scale and space expansions are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. As a kind of power, digital capital embodies the economic power to dominate and control workers and consumers in the economic field, and derives political power and social power in the non-economic field, which constitutes the power spectrum of digital capital. At present, China should not only guide digital capital to develop social productivity, but also regulate and constrain digital capital to conform to the principles and directions of socialism.

There are two opposing research traditions in the history of economic thought on the subject of “banks and financial crises". The dominant view of financial intermediation and the “financial accelerator”theory introduces information asymmetries and explains banks and financial crises in a passive and exogenous way. This analytical paradigm was recognized by the 2022Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In fact, however, in the wake of the 2008 sub-prime crisis，mainstream economics uncharacteristically adopted the heterodox Minsky paradigm to repair its narrative framework. Based on fundamental uncertainty, Minsky proposed the “financial instability hypothesis”of an endogenous business cycle in terms of the credit creation theory of banking. The comparative study has shown that, despite substantial differences between the two analytical traditions on the behavioural theory of banking, theories of financial crises and business cycles, and a deeper view of the nature of money, the mainstream paradigm, which presupposes information asymmetries and the Minsky paradigm, which presupposes fundamental uncertainty, do not constitute an irreconcilable contradiction. On the one hand, the mainstream information approach has made the profound contribution to the field of banks and financial crises; on the other hand, Minsky's insights should also be appropriately drawn upon to complement and improve the mainstream research route, or even to provide a necessary synthesis of the two approaches.

Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization means that China's rural development is facing new conditions and backgrounds. It is of great significance to have a deep understanding of the era orientation of rural development inChina. Based on the institutional and mechanism reform deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for the integrated development of urban and rural areas and comprehensive rural revitalization，this article explains the multidimensional historical achievements in China's rural development from the perspective of temporal comparison. And based on the transformation of national strategy and objective environment on the new journey, it emphasizes that rural development mainly revolves around better coordinated development and security, which means the status and characteristics of rural development need to be further understood. This article introduces the perspective of international comparison and target comparison to demonstrate the main bottlenecks faced by rural development， providing an explanation for the statement that “the most arduous task of building a modern socialist country in all respects still lies in rural areas”. The basic direction of rural development in China is“significant achievements but diverse challenges”.Based on this understanding, this article proposes a breakthrough path from the perspectives of subjects, factors, factor combinations, and factor combination support conditions, which provides policy inspiration for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and urban-rural integration development. 

 Total Labor Productivity(TLP) is an important productivity indicator in Marxist economics. Unlike the Total Factor Productivity(TFP)，Total Labour Productivity(TLP) is a concept of productivity formed by viewing the production process as a social labor process characterized by extensive division of labor, the real meaning of which lies in fully reflecting the social division of labor. By establishing a model of Relative Surplus Production，the socially aggregated significance of TLP can be realized by a new indicator- Relative Surplus Productivity(RSP)，and thereby the growth rate of productivity for the world as a whole and individual major economics under global production division conditions can be measured. The RSP calculations based on WIOD indicate that from2000 to 2014，the annual averageRSP of China was 5%，far higher than the world average of 2.35% and US of 0.36%.Compared with TFP，it is futher found that China's TFP is mainly achieved through its own technological progress, while the US's TFP is not so much through its own technological progress, but through market forces exploiting international division of labor.

The state-owned economy is not only a general economic form and economic phenomenon that is common in all countries in the world, but is also of a special nature. Whether in developed or developing economies,whether in the past or at the present, the state-owned economy has played an important role in the economic and social development. China's state-owned economy has the same or similar general functions as foreign state-owned economies, and also has special functions relative to foreign state-owned economies. The functions of the state-owned economies of various countries are constantly evolving dynamically with the changes in the internal and external environment. So far， there is no consistent conclusion in the academic circles on the function of the state-owned economy, and in particular, there is a lack of a coherent theoretical explanation framework. Similar to Western countries on the whole, the basic functions of China's state-owned economy can be divided into two dimensions: guarantee and guidance. The former is a general function, and the latter is a special function, which have created the Chinese miracle. The core functions of the state-owned economy is the modernization and concretization of the main basic functions. In recent years, although the quality and competitiveness of the state-owned economy and state-owned enterprises have been continuously enhanced， there are still considerable deficiencies in leading scientific and technological innovation,the development of new productive forces, safeguarding national security,and ensuring the people's livelihood. Thus they cannot meet the requirements of Chinese-style modernization and need to be strengthened. To enhance the functions of the state-owned economy, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of hierarchical classification，marketization,and benchmarking to international standards,and achieve this goal through high-quality development, comprehensively deepening reforms, and optimizing the layout and the structure.

 Constructing a new development pattern is the path we must take to realize China's economic modernization. We need to make good use of two markets and two resources. At the same time, we must face the overlapping problems and pooling risks in the internal and external development environment. Currently, the concept of security not only encompasses the traditional connotation of national sovereignty, security and development interests, but also adds multiple dimensions such as social governance, coordination of interests, bottleneck breakthroughs, smooth system operation and handling of unexpected situations. The implementation of a holistic approach to national security is an important guiding ideology in the process of development, which faces both strategic opportunities and risks. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the scientific policy of “safeguard the new development pattern with the new security architecture”，ensuring both development and security, and “we will boost the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy while engaging at a higher level in the global economy”in economic construction. To safeguard the new development pattern, the new security architecture needs to coordinate domestic and international efforts to prevent cross-risks brought by the two markets. In particular, we need to strengthen the major domestic cycle that plays a dominant role, strengthen security capacity building in key areas, improve social governance and strengthen the resilience of the cycle. Only in this way can we master the initiative of history and achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in a complex and changing international situation.

 Labor theory of value is the theoretical basis of Marxist political economy. However, once considering the transformation of value into production price, it is difficult to give full play to its role in empirical research, and it is also difficult to integrate the theories before and after the transformation of value for analysis. Shaikh proved that relative value and relative production price are highly similar regardless of the specific transformation model. By comparing the divergent theories of value transformation，this paper holds that the approximate relationship between value and price proved by Shaikh is the objective basis of Marx's theoretical abstraction, and the change of theoretical abstraction from value to production price transformation will not bring about significant change of quantitative relationship. This not only accords with Marx's narrative logic from abstract to concrete, but also integrates the theories before and after the transformation, and provides great convenience in theoretical basis and method for the application of labor theory of value in empirical research.

The promotion of common prosperity in high quality development represents a fundamental aspect of Chinese-style modernization. As industry facilitates production efficiency and affects the share of labor income through economies of scale， it is imperative to assess the impact of industrial production concentration on common prosperity. In this regard, this article provides theoretical analysis and empirical evidence from both micro and macro perspectives based on the principles of political economy. From a micro perspective, as the level of production concentration increases, state-owned and above- scale industrial enterprises experience a decrease in the labor share and an increase in per capita wages. The industrial production concentration affects the labor share through an intermediate mechanism involving production efficiency. From a macro perspective, the production concentration in state-owned and above-scale industrial enterprises will narrow the wage gap across industries, while below-scale enterprises will have a higher labor share. Moreover, the concentration of industrial production will also promote the transfer of labor from the industrial sector to the tertiary sector. Therefore,although the concentration of industrial production will lead to a decline in the labor share of enterprises, it is conducive to the overall economy to achieve common prosperity. Furthermore, this paper presents policy recommendations to achieve a balance between efficiency improvement and common prosperity, with regard to the ownership system, the government-market relationship and competition policy.

Resolution of the Central Committee of theCPC on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee oftheCPCprovides fundamental guidelines and practical guidance for further deepening reform comprehensively in the new era. Deepening scientific and technological structural reform is an important part of deepening reform comprehensively, and it is also an inevitable requirement for developing new quality productive forces. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC，China has deepened scientific and technological structural reform to form a series of solutions with Chinese characteristics,but there are still many institutional and mechanism blocking points in basic research,enterprise innovation,applying scientific and technological advances, allocation of innovation factors,science and technology evaluation，scientific research integrity, innovation policy and other links and areas. At present and in the near future, we must fully implement the spirit of the third plenary session of the 20th CPCCentral Committee as the guide,comprehensively deepen scientific and technological structural reform focusing on the mechanisms under which major scientific and technological innovation projects are organized，the mechanisms of enterprise-led collaboration between industries, universities， and research institutes, the mechanisms of applying scientific and technological advances, and the mechanisms for allocation of innovation factors, accelerate the formation of new relations of production that are compatible with new quality productive forces, and promote the formation and development of new quality productive forces.

The international and domestic situations facing further comprehensive deepening of reform are undergoing profound and complex changes, and further comprehensive deepening of reform in the new journey of Chinese modernization is more systematic, synergistic，risky and normative, with a more pronounced people-centred value orientation and more pronounced regional differentiation. Further comprehensively deepening reform in the new journey of Chinese modernization has a hierarchical character,The hierarchy of goals includes reforms to promote Chinese modernization，reform to achieve high-quality development, and reform to develop new-quality productive forces. The hierarchy of contents includes strategy-oriented reform,development-oriented reform，institution- oriented reform and governance-oriented reform in the further comprehensive deepening of reform. The hierarchy of tasks includes economic system reform,political system reform, cultural system reform, social system reform and ecological civilization system reform. The hierarchy of requirement aspects includes the systematic, holistic and synergistic nature of reform. In the new journey of Chinese modernization,it is necessary to improve the synergy of comprehensively deepening reform, In terms of the synergy of objectives, we should coordinate the relationship among reform,development and governance. In terms of synergy of content， we should focus on the coordinated promotion of strategy-oriented reform,development-oriented reform，institution-oriented reform and governance-oriented reform. In terms of the synergy of paths, we should insist on the combination of goal-oriented reform and problem-oriented reform. In terms of policy synergy, we should emphasize the organic connection between macro-reform policies and micro-reform policies, as well as the comprehensiveness and integrality of policies, so as to produce greater reform results through the superimposed effects of policies. 

The Okishio Theorem has been shown to be very robust theoretically. However， the criterion for the choice of technique it relies on has not been rigorously tested empirically. This paper aims to fill this gap by using econometric methods to empirically test the Okishio criterion. We employ an Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) approach, utilizing time series data from the US nonfinancial corporate sector spanning1947 to 2018. Our analysis reveals that，assuming a constant real wage rate, the type of technical change that increases the organic composition of capital(OCC) has a significantly positive effect on the equilibrium rate of profit. According to the converse of the Okishio Theorem, we conclude that the dominant OCC-increasing technical change observed in the US nonfinancial corporate sector post-World War II largely conforms to the Okishio criterion. Thus, we provide empirical evidence supporting the practical relevance of the Okishio criterion.

 Faced with macroeconomic fluctuations caused by short-term changes in supply or demand, business entities of different ownership types within the economic system respond differently. This article constructs a multi-stage dynamic game model between the government and enterprises of different ownership types under external shocks in demand and supply. The study shows that when there is a significant external shock, private enterprises spontaneously adjust their output with changes in optimal regulatory parameters, and state-owned enterprises under regulation will undertake more public functions to maintain relative stability of total output, resulting in behavioral differences between the two types of entities in the market system. As external shocks subside and market functions recover, the optimal regulatory parameters are optimized accordingly, and the optimal output of different business entities is adjusted accordingly. The market presents functional and structural adjustment characteristics. The state-owned enterprise system is the fundamental and crucial system for modernizing the governance of China's market system. From the perspective of the interaction of various ownership enterprise behaviors, it is necessary to promote the establishment of an inclusive behavioral regulatory framework that is conducive to achieving overall public goals, and to promote the functional adjustment and layout optimization of state-owned enterprises based on changes of public goals.

To further deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization, we must improve the target system，policy system and decision-making coordination system of macroeconomic governance. To improve the macro control system, we must improve the national strategic planning system and the policy coordination mechanism, comprehensively promote reforms in major areas such as public finance, taxation and finance, and improve the strategic mechanism for implementing regional coordinated development. 

The sinicization of Marxist circulation theory is a process marked by continuous exploration and innovation. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, across various historical stages and in the face of diverse economic construction tasks and challenges, Chinese Communists and economists have consistently integrated Marxist circulation theory with China's unique circumstances. They have explored circulation models tailored to China's national conditions, thereby creating and enriching the circulation theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new stage of development,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the“Dual Circulation”development pattern, representing a significant achievement in the sinicization of Marxist circulation theory and the latest advancement in the circulation theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. As the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics progresses, the sinicization process of Marxist circulation theory will continue to be deepened, providing inexhaustible momentum for the high-quality development of China's economy.

 Based on criticizing and inheriting the predecessors’ research results, the innovation of Marx's fetishism thought has endogenous characteristics，including the close combination of abstract analysis and concrete research, the echo of formal discussion and origin revelation，organic unity of proposing and analyzing problems until getting a reached solution. Marx broke the research paradigms' constraints, such as law, history, philosophy and religion. By applying positions, perspectives and methods of political economy,Marx's fetishism thought is gradually moving from immaturity to maturity, from the surface level to the core and essence of the problem，from the fragmented research to the formation of a systematic theoretical construction. It demonstrates the unique quality of the Marxist theory of innovating and surpassing itself constantly. The endogenous drive of the development and evolution of Marx's fetishism rooted in his political economy research turn and reflects the science and practice dialectical unity of Marxist theory,embodies the dynamic，diversification and differentiation of the future socialist model. It has essential inspiration and reference to deeply promoting the reform and construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Using Marx's worldview and methodology of the law of contradictory movement of productive forces determining the relations of production, this paper proves that the research object of Marx's political economy is different from that of Capital by explaining the division and scientific connotation of Marxist political economy in the broader and narrower senses, and clarifies that the only criterion for judging whether the research object of political economy is scientific is whether it conforms to the law of contradictory movement of productive forces determining the relations of production or not through Marx's scientific division of bourgeois classical political economy and vulgar political economy. Based on the scientific theory of the research object of Marxist political economy, this paper explains the research object of Chinese economics and its changes,starting from the transformation of the main contradiction of the society in the three different stages of Chineseeconomics,namely, standing up, getting rich and getting strong. The thesis argues that the research object of Chinese economics must be determined by the nature and characteristics of the law of contradictory movement of the productive forces determining the relations of production at different stages. This paper also analyzes the rich connotation of the research object of Chinese economics in the stage of getting strong, as well as the innovation and development of the research object of Marxist political economy.